John Bhengu, often referred to by his stage name Phuzushukela, is considered one of the most influential figures in the development and popularization of Maskandi music in South Africa. Born in KwaZulu-Natal, Bhengu’s pioneering approach to traditional Zulu music helped to shape the genre and set the standard for future generations of musicians. His contributions to Maskandi are vast, and his music remains a significant part of South Africa’s cultural heritage.
Early Life and Musical Roots
John Bhengu was born in rural KwaZulu-Natal, a region deeply entrenched in Zulu traditions and culture. Like many boys in rural areas, he grew up herding cattle and engaging in traditional Zulu practices, which included music and dance. This early exposure to Zulu culture and music became the foundation for his later career.
Bhengu’s early musical influences came from the traditional music of the Zulu people, particularly the umakhweyana (a single-stringed musical bow) and isicathamiya (a form of a cappella choral singing). However, it was the guitar that truly captivated him. As a young man, Bhengu began experimenting with the acoustic guitar, adapting traditional Zulu melodies and rhythms to the instrument, which would later become the defining characteristic of Maskandi music.
The Birth of Phuzushukela
John Bhengu adopted the stage name Phuzushukela, which means “Sugar Drinker,” a name that reflected both his persona and the sweet, yet potent, nature of his music. Phuzushukela is often regarded as the “godfather” of Maskandi music, as he was one of the first artists to modernize traditional Zulu music using the guitar as a primary instrument, creating a distinctive sound that would define Maskandi for generations to come.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Bhengu’s music began to gain attention, particularly among Zulu-speaking audiences. His innovative use of the guitar, combined with his rich, storytelling lyrics, set him apart from other musicians of the time. Phuzushukela’s music was deeply rooted in the experiences of rural Zulu people, especially men who migrated to urban areas for work. His songs often spoke of love, hardship, and the longing for home, themes that resonated with many listeners.
Maskandi: A New Genre is Born
Maskandi is a genre that evolved from the traditional music of the Zulu people, particularly the songs of migrant workers who traveled from rural KwaZulu-Natal to urban centers in search of work. The music is characterized by its distinctive guitar picking style, poetic lyrics, and themes that reflect the struggles of rural and migrant life.
Phuzushukela’s contribution to Maskandi was in his ability to modernize traditional Zulu music without losing its cultural essence. He is credited with being one of the first musicians to incorporate the guitar into traditional Zulu music, creating the signature sound of Maskandi. His music was both a reflection of Zulu cultural pride and a commentary on the social and economic challenges faced by Zulu men in a rapidly changing South Africa.
Pioneering a Genre
Phuzushukela’s music was groundbreaking not only for its sound but also for its storytelling. His songs often told the stories of rural Zulu men, particularly those who left their homes to work in the cities under the migrant labor system. These men faced long separations from their families and communities, and Phuzushukela’s music captured the emotions of longing, homesickness, and resilience.
His song “Phuzushukela” became one of his most iconic tracks, solidifying his place in Maskandi history. The song tells the tale of a man who, after enduring the hardships of migrant labor, returns home to find solace in his community. It resonated deeply with Zulu men who had similar experiences, and it became a Maskandi anthem.
Phuzushukela was not just a musician; he was a storyteller, and his ability to capture the essence of the Zulu experience made him a beloved figure among his fans. His music was a celebration of Zulu culture, but it also addressed the struggles of maintaining that culture in the face of urbanization and modernization.
Legacy and Influence
John Bhengu’s impact on Maskandi music cannot be overstated. His pioneering use of the guitar and his ability to blend traditional Zulu music with modern elements helped to define the genre and paved the way for future Maskandi artists. His influence can be seen in the work of many Maskandi musicians who followed in his footsteps, including artists like Phuzekhemisi, Ihashi Elimhlophe, and Shwi Nomtekhala, all of whom have cited Bhengu as a key influence in their careers.
Phuzushukela’s music also played a role in the political and social movements of South Africa. While his songs were primarily about the experiences of Zulu men, they also touched on broader themes of oppression, displacement, and resilience, themes that resonated with many South Africans during the apartheid era. His music became a symbol of Zulu pride and resistance, and it remains a powerful reminder of the struggles faced by migrant workers in South Africa.
Continuing the Maskandi Tradition
Phuzushukela’s legacy lives on in the continued popularity of Maskandi music. While the genre has evolved over the years, with new artists incorporating modern elements like electronic beats and synthesizers, the core of Maskandi remains rooted in the traditions established by John Bhengu. His music continues to inspire new generations of musicians, and his influence can be heard in the work of contemporary Maskandi artists like Khuzani, Igcokama Elisha, and Ntencane.
In addition to his musical legacy, Phuzushukela’s life and career serve as a testament to the power of music to bridge the gap between tradition and modernity. His ability to adapt traditional Zulu music to the changing social and political landscape of South Africa helped to ensure that Maskandi would remain a vital part of South African culture for years to come.
Conclusion
John Bhengu, better known as Phuzushukela, is rightly regarded as the father of Maskandi music. His innovative use of the guitar, combined with his rich storytelling and deep connection to Zulu culture, helped to create a genre that continues to thrive in South Africa today. His music was both a reflection of the Zulu experience and a commentary on the broader social and economic issues facing South Africa, making him a beloved figure in the country’s musical history.
Through his work, Phuzushukela not only preserved traditional Zulu music but also helped to modernize it, ensuring its relevance in a rapidly changing world. His legacy continues to inspire Maskandi musicians, and his music remains a testament to the enduring power of storytelling through song.